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Fluids · Physics

Fluid Mechanics Simulation Lab

Twenty-five experiments from density and pressure to JEE Advanced: pressure with depth, the hydrostatic paradox, Pascal's law, barometers and manometers, the force on a dam gate, Archimedes and floating, layered liquids, surface tension and capillarity, streamlines, continuity, Bernoulli, the Venturi meter, Torricelli's jets, ideal-flow lift on an aerofoil, viscosity, Stokes' law, Poiseuille, the Reynolds number, drag beyond Stokes, real pipes with pumps, combined manometer systems and a challenge builder. Every model states its assumptions and warns when it stops applying.

Interactive virtual lab · no download · works on phones and laptops

Chapter
Mechanical Properties of Fluids
For
Class 9–12 · JEE · NEET
Time
~45 min

Fluid Mechanics Lab is a Pro simulation

Pro opens all 125 virtual labs — 483 simulations with guides and quizzes.

How to use it

  1. 1Pick a module from the list (25, in five levels); set your level at the top right for more controls.
  2. 2Drag sensors, pistons, gates, holes and pipe walls on the stage, or type exact values.
  3. 3Use Predict before pressing play, then Derive, Questions, Practise and Compare.
  4. 4Module 25 builds a new mixed problem each time: choose the assumptions, then the law, then the numbers.

What to notice

  • Pressure in a still liquid depends only on depth, density and g: p = p₀ + ρgh.
  • Buoyancy is the weight of liquid displaced; a floating body's fraction under is ρ_body/ρ_liquid.
  • Surface tension raises the pressure inside curved surfaces: 2γ/r for a drop, 4γ/r for a bubble.
  • Continuity: A·v is constant; Bernoulli: p + ½ρv² + ρgh is constant for steady ideal flow.
  • Viscous laws (Stokes, Poiseuille) hold only at low Reynolds number; the lab says when they fail.

For teachers

A ready-made teaching kit comes with this lab

  • Lesson plan

    41 min, 4 steps

  • Ask the class

    4 questions with answers

  • Quick quiz

    7 questions, printable

  • Key formulas

    8 formulas

About the Fluid Mechanics Lab simulation

Fluid mechanics is the chapter where students most often memorise formulas without knowing when they apply. This lab puts every idea on a stage you can change: drag a pressure sensor through layered liquids, push a hydraulic piston, tilt a dam gate, lower a block into an overflow can, pull a wire through a soap film, narrow a pipe, punch holes in a tank, turn an aerofoil in a computed airflow, drop spheres through glycerine and honey, and pump water through rough pipes and valves.

The twenty-five experiments run in five levels — hydrostatics; buoyancy and surface tension; flow and Bernoulli; viscosity and real fluids; and applications with a JEE Advanced challenge builder. Each states its model's assumptions, warns when they break (Stokes' law above Re ≈ 1, Poiseuille in turbulent flow, Bernoulli across a pump), and carries prediction questions, derivations, concept questions with hints and "Show me", and seeded practice numericals.

Also covers: fluid mechanics, mechanical properties of fluids, density, relative density, pressure, hydrostatic pressure, gauge pressure, absolute pressure, hydrostatic paradox, communicating vessels, pascal's law, hydraulic lift, barometer, manometer, centre of pressure, archimedes principle, apparent weight, floating and sinking, buoyancy, surface tension, soap bubble, excess pressure, capillary rise, jurin's law, streamline flow, equation of continuity, bernoulli's theorem, venturi meter, torricelli's law, velocity of efflux, lift on aerofoil, viscosity, stokes law, terminal velocity, poiseuille's law, reynolds number, laminar and turbulent flow, drag coefficient, head loss, pump head.

Frequently asked questions

Why is the force on the bottom of a vessel not always equal to the weight of the liquid?

The bottom feels ρghA whatever the vessel's shape. If the walls slope, they push on the liquid with a vertical component: up in a vessel that widens (holding some of the weight), down in one that narrows. The total force of the liquid on the vessel is still its weight.

Does the upper air move faster over a wing because the two parcels must meet at the trailing edge?

No. In the lab's computed flow the parcel going over the top reaches the trailing edge well before its partner below; nothing forces them to meet. Lift comes from the pressure difference that goes with the faster flow above and the downward turning of the air.

When can I use Stokes' law?

Only for small, slow spheres in a viscous fluid, where the Reynolds number ρvd/μ is below about 1. Beyond that the drag grows faster than v; module 22 compares Stokes' prediction with the measured drag curve.

Is 2300 the Reynolds number at which pipe flow always becomes turbulent?

It is a typical value for a long round pipe with ordinary disturbances. Very quiet inflows stay laminar far longer, and other shapes have other thresholds.